Justice4Survivors

Making survivors’ voices count

Tag: Rwanda genocide survivors

  • Lutte Contre Le Négationnisme Du Génocide: Lorsque le Commandant se trompe de cibles et d’ennemis

    Lutte Contre Le Négationnisme Du Génocide: Lorsque le Commandant se trompe de cibles et d’ennemis

    Photo: Philibert Muzima/File

    Guest Post de Philibert Muzima:
    Empruntons une allégorie militaire pour nous faire mieux comprendre dans certaines sphères, sous les cieux de notre Rwanda natal. La Commission Nationale de LUTTE Contre le Génocide-Komisiyo y’Igihugu Ishinzwe KURWANYA Jenoside (CNLG) est comme une brigade et son Secrétaire Exécutif, le Commandant. Les rescapés du génocide et leurs amis en sont des hommes de troupes, des soldats. Et nous sommes en guerre contre le négationnisme.

    Le hic, c’est que, pire que des échanges épisodiques de friendly fires, nous subissons de tirs nourris de la part du Commandant de la Brigade CNLG qui, loin de se tromper de cibles, nous a désigné comme des ennemis. Avec un commandement nuisible pour son propre camp, quelles sont nos chances de la gagner, cette guerre contre le négationnisme? Autopsie d’un leadership maladroit, source de désespoir, de perte de moral, de débandade au sein des troupes et, ultimement, de sabordage de toute la brigade CNLG.

    D’une question biaisée à une réponse tordue.

    Les téléspectateurs d’Intsinzi TV auront été abasourdis de voir mercredi le 17 février 2021, le Commandant dans la guerre contre le négationnisme recourir à la démagogie, mélangeant mémoire du génocide et politique du FPR, recourant aux menaces, aux mensonges et aux demie-vérités pour dynamiter ses forteresses et, prêtre défroqué, prêcher contre sa propre paroisse, envoyer ses ouailles…au diable!

    Question : Tuvuze kuri urwo ruhererekane rw’ingengabitekerezo n’urwango ruva mu mubyeyi rujya ku mwana we. Bigaragara ko rwava no ku mwana rujya ku mwuzukuru wa wa mubyeyi wayizanye. Uwiyita ko yarokotse jenoside, urumva ko ntaho yari kuyikura kuri se cyangwa kuri nyina. Ukumva arabyivugiye, ariko ajya mu ba bandi bayipfobya. Cyangwa se akaba yarwanya na leta, kuko burya naho harimo ikintu gishyigikira uhakana iyo jenoside. Ubwo bwoko bwo gupfobya bwo bujya mu kihe cyiciro? 

    Réponse : Abarokotse jenoside bagira bamwe muri bo koko nibyo, turabafite. Turabafite, bamwe muri bo bavuga ko badapfobya jenoside, kuko ubabwiye ngo murapfobya jenoside yadukorewe ntibabyemera. Banabigira impamvu baburanisha bati ngo jyewe narokotse jenoside. Nta kuntu naba nararokotse jenoside hanyuma ngo nyipfobye. Ariko nyamara mu magambo bavuga, mu mvugo bakoresha, harimo ibigize ipfobya.  Kuko iyo bafashe abahagaritse jenoside, jenoside yakorewe abatutsi ntabwo yihagaritswe(sic), yahagaritswe n’ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi. Iyo rero bafashe abahagaritse jenoside, bakabasigaho ubwicanyi batakoze, cyangwa se bakabasebya mu buryo ubwo aribwo bwose. Icyo gihe baba bariho bakwiza ikinyoma, kiza kivana ukuri kuri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi. Iyo rero ukoresheje imvugo z’ikinyoma zigabanya ukuri kuri jenoside yakorewe abatutsi, cyangwa se kwa kuri zigerageze kukuvanaho burundu. Uhimba ubwicanyi butabaye, uvuga ko ngo abacitse ku icumu bakorerwa ibikorwa by’itoteza… Nongere nibutse ko itegeko ry’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside riteganya mu ngingo 11 ko guhohotera uwacitse ku icumu rya jenoside ari kimwe mu byaha bifitanye isano n’ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside.

    Iyo rero abantu nka ba Idamange, abantu nka ba Filipo Basabose, nka ba Philibert Muzima, nk’abitwa ba Mukundente, n’abandi. Bacitse ku icumu koko. Ariko ugasanga bari ku mbuga nkoranyambaga bavuga ngo, ubuyobozi bw’u Rwanda, ubuyobozi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi bukorera itoteza abacitse ku icumu. Bakaguha ingero ngo Kizito Mihigo, Diane Rwigara …kandi ataribyo. Abo bantu bafite ibyaha bakoze, bakurikiranyweho ku buryo bwemewe n’amategeko, Kizito Mihigo yiyahurira muri kasho. Iyo umuntu yiyahuye, ujya gushinja icyaha leta gute?

    byo rero, abakwiza ibyongibyo, harimo ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside kuko bariho barabeshyera leta ko ihohotera abacitse ku icumu, kandi ataribyo. Ibyo rero urumva, uwunguwo, abo babaho. Banariho, ariko ni bacyeya. Niyo mahirwe…Bacyeya ntabwo tuvuga ngo abacitse ku icumu bapfobya jenoside, sibyo. Harimo bacye cyane muribo, bafashe uwo murongo. Kandi n’iyo tugeze no kuri jenoside yakorewe abayahudi, naho bibaho. Muzarebe, hariho…ndabaha urugero nk’uwitwa Paul Rassinier. Ni umuyahudi, warokotse jenoside, ariko wanditse ibitabo bitandukanye. Ni umuntu nawe wize, wari umwarimu wa kaminuza, uhakana rwose ko uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu kwica abayahudi, icyo bita chambres à gaz, ko ntabyabayeho. Nyamara byarabaye Auschwitz n’ahandi. Icyo kibazo nagira ngo tujye…, twumve ko bibaho . Ariko uwarokotse jenoside iyo yinjiye mu murongo wo kuyipfobya, turebe ibibimutera, ariko tunarebe n’ibikorwa, akora ibyo aribyo, byamaganwe kimwe n’iby’abandi bose.

    Pas besoin de traduire la question tendancieuse de l’intervieweur et la réponse aussi bien maladroite que malheureuse de l’interviewé. En résumé, le journaliste veut savoir comment qualifier « ceux qui prétendent être des survivants du génocide » mais s’opposent au régime et s’associent de facto à celui qui banalise le génocide.

    La réponse est que les survivants qui critiquent le gouvernement, le parti au pouvoir et son armée qui ont mis fin au génocide, ceux qui les critiquent et les accusent faussement de malmener des rescapés comme Kizito Mihigo, Diane Rwigara… banalisent et nient le génocide et se rendent ainsi coupables de crime de l’idéologie du génocide. Il nomme des rescapés du génocide-dont l’auteur des présentes lignes- qui, selon lui, en critiquant le gouvernement du Rwanda, gonflent les rangs des négationnistes du génocide des Tutsi. Il ajoute que ce phénomène existe même pour le génocide des Juifs, qu’il y a des Juifs rescapés de la Shoah qui nient la réalité des chambres à gaz. Pour exemple, il donne le nom de Paul Rassinier.

    Voilà grosso modo le contenu de la diatribe du Commandant de la brigade chargée de lutter contre le négationnisme. Mais qu’y a-t-il en fait?  De faux exemples pour plus de confusion:

    Paul Rassinier

    Il n’est ni Juif, ni rescapé de la Shoah. C’est un résistant à l’occupation de la France par l’Allemagne Nazie. Il fut arrêté et déporté aux Camps de Concentration de Buchenwald et de Mittelbau-Dora. C’était un militant communiste qui navigua vers les anarchistes pour enfin s’échouer à l’extrême droite. Pour illustrer le cas de Rassinier, rappelons le parcours d’Anastase Gasana et Faustin Twagiramungu. Les deux s’opposaient au régime Habyarimana Ils l’ont échappé belle en 1994 puisque, s’ils étaient tombés entre les mains des génocidaires ou des GP, ils les auraient sûrement zigouillé. Mais est-ce que cela fait d’eux des Tutsi survivants du génocide? La réponse est NON. Est-ce qu’ils sont par la suite devenus des négationnistes du génocide? OUI.

    Le Commandant de la Brigade CNLG recours donc à un faux exemple. Une demie-vérité doublée d’une fausseté pour étayer une fausse thèse accusant de négationnisme des rescapés du génocide, ses hommes de troupes. À moins que le Docteur en Droit ne confonde Juif et Communiste, comme cela fut le cas aussi pour les Tutsi et pour les Juifs. Confusion due au fait que le Commandant de la Brigade CNLG a fait ses premières armes chez les Pères Blancs qui accusaient les Tutsi d’être des communistes anticléricaux? Rappelons que ces hommes en soutane ont également traités les Juifs de communistes et de déicides. Selon la sagesse rwandaise, « nta yima nyina akabara ». Le Commandant de la Brigade CNLG a ainsi bien gardé l’identité de son alma mater. Il fait recours aux faussetés en connaissance de cause. Juste pour défendre l’indéfendable. Comme s’il y était contraint!

    Diane Rwigara

    Elle a été, acquittée de toutes les charges qui pesaient contre elle, après plus d’une année, croupissant injustement en prison. Innocentée donc par les tribunaux, mais toujours coupable dans la tête du Docteur en droit. Sa mère, coaccusée avec et codétenue avec ses deux filles, accusée de l’incitation à l’insurréction publique, sera également acquitté de toutes ses charges. Rappelons enfin que le calvaire de Diane commence par la mort tragique de son père, tué dans un simulacre d’accident de voiture. La police dit détenir un suspect qui, depuis plus de trois ans, n’a jamais comparu devant les juges et dont l’identité reste cachée du grand public. Si l’homme de droit considère cela comme juste, il est déconnecté de toute réalité de ce qu’est la justice.

    Kizito Mihigo

    Il a perdu la vie des mains de la police. La même police a effectué l’autopsie sur le corps. La même police a mené une enquête expéditive sur ce qui s’est passée dans ses geôles. Les résultats sont venus corroborer le communique nécrologique de la même police. Si quelqu’une veut chercher l’erreur, c’est celle d’une police qui enquête sur elle-même! Si le détenteur du PhD en Droit considère cela comme de la justice, il est déconnecté de la réalité de ce qu’est la justice.

    Si des rescapés du génocide qui fustigent ces injustices sont traités de négationnistes, c’est que leur Commandant-accusateur est encore déconnecté de la réalité de ce qu’est le négationnisme qu’il est pourtant appelé à combattre.

    Loi sur l’idéologie du génocide et son effet boomerang.

    Accuser de négationnisme les rescapés qui dénoncent les injustices du régime participe à une accusation à miroir. L’accusateur est sûrement loin de se rendre compte que c’est plutôt lui-même qui banalise le crime des crimes en le mettant à toutes les sauces. La Loi n° 84/2013 du 11 septembre 2013 relative au crime d’idéologie du génocide et autres infractions connexes aura, en cet état de cause, un effet boomerang où l’accusateur se retrouve accusé.

    Lui qui use et abuse de la Shoah est sait pertinemment qu’on n’accuse pas n’importe qui de Nazi, de SS, de Gestapo ou de collabo. Mais le Commandant de la Brigade CNLG ne se gêne pas pour traiter des rescapés du génocide d’être «pires que les génocidaires! »

    Il sait pourtant pas qu’il n’y a rien de pire qu’un génocide. Et par ricochet, il ne peut y avoir pire qu’un génocidaire; encore, moins un rescapé du génocide! Aller sciemment contre ce postulat relève de la banalisation du génocide. D’où les propos à l’emporte-pièce du Commandant de la Brigade CNLG contreviennent à l’article 11 de Loi n°84/2013 et sont punissables conformément au Code Pénal du Rwanda. L’homme de droit brandit à tout bout de champ donc la Loi contre l’idéologie du génocide mais s’adonne à des actes punissables par la même loi!

    Conclusion 

    Il sera difficile pour les rescapés traités de négationnistes de participer aux commémorations du génocide. Il leur sera impossible de s’impliquer dans les activités des associations vouées à la mémoire du génocide et à la lutte contre le négationnisme. Ils seront très vulnérables lorsqu’ils affronteront de vrais négationnistes et leur suppôts ainsi que des adhérents à la théorie du double génocide.

    Le Commandant de la Brigade CNLG ne souffre pas de daltonisme. Il est juste obnubilé par un militantisme politique plutôt que la défense de la mémoire et la lutte contre le négationnisme. Il œuvre pour l’endoctrinement des rescapés, par menaces et non par arguments convaincants, d’adhérer à un seul et même parti politique sous peine d’être accusés de négationnisme. Il veut que les rescapés du génocide suivent dans leur ensemble le tunnel de la pensée unique, les récalcitrants tombant de facto sous la loi contre l’idéologie du génocide.

    Le Commandant de la Brigade CNLG manque d’empathie envers les survivants du génocide. Il accuse un grand déficit de compassion envers eux. Il 

    Un homme compétent peut-être, mais pas à la bonne place. Qui diantre peut apprendre à un homme occupant un poste comme le sien que le génocide est le pire des crimes, qu’il ne peut y avoir pire qu’un génocide, et que, dans le même ordre d’idée, il ne peut y avoir pire que les génocidaires? Mais pour le Commandant de la Brigade CNLG, un survivant qui critique le gouvernement est pire que les génocidaires. Puis il a le culot de le répéter ad nauseam !

    S’il ne saisit pas la dangerosité de tels propos, c’est qu’il ne comprend rien de la nature ni de l’importance du poste qu’il occupe, ni celle de l’institution qu’il représente. Il serait peut-être plus efficace comme Senior Instructor au camp de Mutobo pour les ex-FDLR. Il serait aussi à la bonne place comme Senior Cadre d’ “Itorero ry’Igihugu“. Il peut bien servir n’importe où notre Mère Patrie. Mais pour l’amour du ciel et de la noble cause qu’est la mémoire des nôtres, loin de la Commission Nationale de Lutte Contre le Génocide. Ends

    Philibert Muzima est l’auteur du livre Imbibé de leur sang, gravé de leurs noms: témoignage d’un survivant du génocide des Tutsi du Rwanda

  • Iyicwa Ry’Abarokotse Jenoside: Ibyatangajwe na CNLG na IBUKA Biraca Amarenga Y’aho Ukuri Guherereye

    Iyicwa Ry’Abarokotse Jenoside: Ibyatangajwe na CNLG na IBUKA Biraca Amarenga Y’aho Ukuri Guherereye

    Ejo hashize nkimara gusoma ibaruwa ifunguye Diane Rwigara yandikiye Perezida Paul Kagame ku iyicwa ry’abarokotse jenoside, navuganye n’inshuti yanjye, Felix, nawe warokotse jenoside, mubwira iyo nkuru y’urucantege.

    Mu magambo ameze nk’ubuhanuzi,  Felix (izina rihinduye),  yarambwiye ati: ‘’ ibirego Diane ashinja Leta muri iriya baruwa ye, ntabwo nzi neza ukuri kwabyo. Ariko ibi ngiye kukubwira nubona bibaye byamurikira umuntu wese usesengura aho ukuri guherereye’’.

    Kanda hano usome ibaruwa ifunguye Diane Rwigara yandikiye Perezida Kagame

    Nuko arakomeza ati:  ‘’ Ubu tuvugana inyandiko iri bunyuzwe mu binyamakuru wasanga iri gutegurwa. Inzego zibishinzwe, nizimara kuyinoza  zirarahamagaza Naphtal, umunyamabanga wa IBUKA cyangwa  Jean Pierre, Perezida wayo,  ngo baze babafotore, ahasigaye inkuru itangazwe mu izina rya IBUKA’’.

    nta bwo nahamya 100% ko ariko byagenze, ariko , nanjye nkuwabaye mu nzego za IBUKA n’indi miryango ya sosiyete sivile mu Rwanda, ndabizi ko koko ubwisanzure bw’iyo miryango bugerwa ku mashyi.

    Icyokora nasubije Felix nti, IBUKA ubona yatinyuka ite kwiteza ikimwaro bene ako kageni? Ibuka yaba yaracecetse igihe abo ishinzwe kuvugira bicwaga, noneho ikavuga ubu ngubu  yamagana abinubira iryo yicwa mu gihe yaruciye ikarumira ubwo icyaha cyakorwaga?  Felix, yansetse, arambwira ati:  Ntukigize nkana!

    Bidatinze mu gitondo cya kare ibyo Felix yahanuye byabaye impamo!

    Naphtal, Umunyamabanga wa IBUKA yagaragaye mu kinyamakuru igihe.com  yamagana Diane Rwigara, anavuga ko nta barokotse jenoside bicwa mu Rwanda. Icyokora uwo munyamabanga ntacyo yatangaje  ku kibazo nyirizina cy’amazina y’abarokotse basaga 50 Diane Rwigara agaragaza ko bishwe mu ibaruwa ye.

    Bizimana
    Bizimana Jean Damascene, Umuyobozi wa CNLG. Photo/Igihe.com

    Yaba Naphtal wavugiye ibuka, yaba na Bizimana Jean Damascene wavugiye CNLG mu nkuru yanyuze mu kinyamakuru igihe.com , bose bikomye cyane Diane Rwigara. Igitangaje ni uko  ntawavuze niba koko abavuzwe mu ibaruwa batarishwe, ko hari imanza zabaye cyangwa niba hari amaperereza yakozwe agamije  kumenya imfu z’abo bacitse ku icumu bivugwa ko bishwe n’inzego za Leta kubera gukekwaho gukorana n’abayirwanya.

    Ngo umwera uturutse I bukuru bucya wakwiriye hose.

    Ubu nandika iyi nkuru, maze kwakira ubutumwa  buteye agahinda, umwe mu barescape ubusanzwe uvuga rikijyana yanyandikiye kuri WhatsApp, avuga kuri iki kibazo cy’abacitse ku icumu bishwa.

    Rwagasana (izina rye narihinduye) we nta nubwo aca hejuru y’umuzi w’ibibazo nkuko Ibuka n’ikigo cya Leta cyo kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) babigenje. Ahubwo Rwagasana agaragaza ko abishwe nka Jean Paul Mwiseneza aribo bizize ngo kuko bakoreshwaga na Diane Rwigara.

    Rwagasana yanyadikiye ati:  ”Gasake, …..Mu bishwe, Diane Rwigara avuga, yahereye kuri Jean Paul Mwiseneza ( bakunda kwita Nyamata). Niwe wari umubabaje kuko niwe yakoreshaga…’’

    Rwagasana namubajije nti ese kuba umuyoboke wa Diane Rwigara cyangwa gukoreshwa nawe byabaye icyaha gihanishwa igihano cyo gucibwa umutwe ryari? Ntegereje ko umuvandimwe Rwagasana ansubiza.

    Nuko arakomeza agira ati, Diane ntagamije gutabariza abarokotse jenoside ahubwo ni inyungu ze bwite kuko hari n’abo avuga mu ibaruwa batarokotse Jenoside.

    Maze hafi imyaka 10 nandika kandi nkurikirana inkuru z’abacitse ku icumu bagenda bicwa, harimo n’urupfu rwa Jean Paul Mwiseneza nanditseho kenshi  kuri uru rubuga.

    Nagaragaje impungenge z’uburyo Leta idashyira imbaraga mu kwamagana ubwo bwicanyi no kugeza mu butabera abakekwa. Bisa nkaho no kubivugaho ari kirazira.

    Nibazaga impamvu IBUKA, CNLG, itangazamakuru rya Leta n’izindi nzego zitinya kwamagana ku mugaragaro ubu bwicanyi bumaze gufata intera ndende. Nta gisubizo ndabona kuri ibi bibazo kugeza ubu.

    Niba n’umuntu wohereza ubutumwa kuri email cyangwa WhatsApp yibereye mu cyumba cye inzego z’umutekano zibasha kumufata, ni gute zinanirwa guta muri yombi abishe Jean Paul Mwiseneza n’abandi bavugwa mu ibaruwa ya Diane Rwigara?

    Niba koko inzego za Leta ziri inyuma y’ubu bwicanyi nkuko Diane Rwigara abivuga, byaba byumvikanisha impamvu hari igihu kinini kuri iyi dosiye.

    Uko biri kose, nkuko, Felix,  mushuti wanjye, yabimbwiye ejo bundi,  uburyo IBUKA na CNLG n’abandi bakomeje kwitwara mu gusubiza ibaruwa ya Diane Rwigara,  biraca amarenga y’aho ukuri guherereye kuri icyi kibazo. Ends.

    Kanda Subscribe ubone n’izindi nkuru nshya zigisohoka.

    Soma izindi nkuru z’abarokotse bishwe:

  • Kizito Mihigo: Aho Kuguhomba Yaguhombya

    Kizito Mihigo: Aho Kuguhomba Yaguhombya

    Aho kuguhomba yaguhombya! Ngiryo izina Kizito Mihigo yahisemo kwita indirimbo ye nshya yasohoye none, nyuma y’imyaka hafi 5 amaze  muri gereza. Naherukaga kwandika kuri Kizito Mihigo ubwo  namaganaga ikinamico Leta yateguye kuva ashimutswe mu kwezi kwa kane 2015, agatambagizwa imbere y’itangazamakuru asa n’uhatwa kwemera ibyaha,  kugeza akatiwe imyaka imyaka 10 y’igifungo. Nakoze umwuga wo kuburanira abandi mu Rwanda (Avoka) ariko sinigeze mbona urubanza rufifitse nk’urwa Kizito. Kanda hano wumve unarebe amashusho y’indirimbo nziza uyu mugenzi wacu warokotse irimburabatutsi yasohoye none. 

  • #Rwanda Genocide Survivors getting poorer as FARG changes strategy

    The New Times Rwanda wrote today:

    Thousands of the survivors of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi are vulnerable, many of them elderly without relatives to look after them.

    Inzu y'uwacitse ku icumu
    one of houses built by FARG (Goverment support fund for genocide survivors) to a survivor in Bugesera

    Although the fund for support of Genocide survivors (FARG) has been doing a lot to see that vulnerable Genocide survivors, widows and orphans, among others, are accorded worthwhile assistance, the help has not been sustainable in the true sense of the word.

    The monthly stipend support given to a disadvantaged survivor is Rwf7,500 and is based on Vision Umurenge Programme in the framework of social protection.

    Individuals, too, support these survivors from time to time, and, like with most alms, such support is never really timely. Where one needs urgent assistance, it becomes that kind of pain that leaves them reeling off a staccato of wishes.

    High on the list of such wishes is always a sustainable form of support. They yearn for some form of profitable project from which they can mint regular income. But FARG is moving to grant survivors that wish by setting up long-term projects for them as one of the best ways to respond to the challenges they face.

    Realising that much of its budget is accrued to meeting education needs of children of Genocide victims, and that the changing time makes it increasingly difficult to continue meeting welfare support of survivors, FARG has started establishing income-generating projects that will fetch money for supporting survivors.

    FARG says among the projects include a Rwf40 million multipurpose hall being constructed in Nyamirambo Sector, Nyarugenge District, to generate income to support survivors.

    FARG also has a modern brick and tile furnace which is complete in Gitambi Sector, Rusizi District and intends to put up another furnace in Mageragere Sector, Nyarugenge District, worth Rwf60 million.

    These are projects that seek to empower needy survivors, make them self-reliant such that the support FARG gives them is channeled into other purposes. This is the hallmark of a progressive vision, one that must be given the attention it deserves.

    Analysis- Albert Gasake

    This move cannot help in any thing, by the way it is not a new move. The income generation programme for survivors has been one of 5 components of FARG since its creation in 1998 but it did not result in anything tangible to date. The issue has never been funding as FARG seems to claim. The issue has been and remains transparency, deep structural incompetence and effectiveness in the very management of FARG as an institution for the support of survivors.

    Since its establishment, the Government has injected into FARG over 200 billion Rfrw at least in paper but where is the impact? objectively speaking, very little impact if any at least as long as income generation and self-reliance of survivors  is concerned. 21 years  since the genocide survivors are getting poorer.  Many survivors are still without a roof over their heads, Others especially the elderly are dying day by day due to genocide consequences, HIV/ AIDS positive women  raped during the genocide are dying due to lack of treatment and proper diet, many young survivors who  dropped out secondary schools in order to cater for their young siblings are unable to resume their studies…. Programmes such as the income generation projects  are technically great if they are well designed and monitored.  But in light of FARG’s weaknesses such programmes should be implemented by a separate institution such as micro-finances that have necessary expertise in project management, monitoring and evaluation for low income communities.

    It appears to me that FARG is only addressing the symptoms rather than real root causes of pervasive poverty among survivors population.  There is a need to address the needs of genocide survivors in more holistic way as opposed to isolated solutions like this one mentioned in the article below. end

  • Kibungo: Bakurikiranyweho gutera uwacitse ku icumu no kumusenyeraho inzu

    Abagabo batatu bafungiye kuri sitasiyo ya Kibungo aho bakurikiranyweho icyaha cyo gusenya inyubako n’ibikoresho by’umuturanyi wabo wacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside.  Abo bagabo bakurikiranyweho kandi gushyira inginga nini n’ibuye ry’ibiro 30  ku muryango no ku madirishya y’inzu y’uwo wacitse ku icumu kugirango atabona uko asohoka ngo atabaze. 

    Nk’uko bigaragara ku rubuga rwa Polisi y’u Rwanda, Umuvugizi wa Polisi mu ntara y’Uburasirazuba, Inspector of Police (IP), Emmanuel Kayigi, yavuze ko abo bagabo batatu bakekwaho kuba, ahagana saa mbiri z’ijoro zo ku itariki 11 Mata 2015, barateye amabuye ku idirisha ry’icumba uwo wacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 araramo, maze ayo mabuye amena ibirahure by’iryo dirisha ndetse agwa mu nzu imbere.

    IP Kayigi yavuze ko abo bagabo batatu bakekwaho nanone kuba, nyuma yo gutera amabuye kuri iryo dirisha, yaje kumena ibirahuri byaryo, baregetse ibuye rinini rifite hafi ibiro 30 kuri iryo dirisha (ku ruhande rwaryo ry’inyuma).

    Yavuze ko bakekwaho kandi kuba baregetse ingiga y’igiti ku rugi rw’inzu y’uwo wacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 kugirango atabona uko asohoka ngo amenye abo ari bo cyangwa ngo atabaze.

    IP Kayigi yavuze ko umwe muri abo bagabo batatu bafunzwe, akurikiranyweho by’umwihariko, ibyaha by’ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko ndetse n’icyaha cy’amacakubiri, hashingiwe ku mpamvu z’uko ahagana saa mbiri z’ijoro zo ku itariki 27 Werurwe 2015, yabwiye uwo wacitse ku icumu ati: “Sinshaka imbwa y’Umututsi, ntuzambanaho ndetse n’inka yawe.”

    IP Kayigi yagize ati: “Amategeko ahana biriya byaha by’ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko, amacakubiri, gusenya ibintu n’inyubako by’umuntu, arasobanutse. Uzabikora wese azashyikirizwa inzego z’ubutabera.”

    Yabakanguriye kandi kwirinda ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside no gukomeza gufata mu mugongo abacitse ku icumu rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, kandi bagakaza amarondo kugirango baburizemo ibyaha no gufata ababikora. Yabibukije ko bafite inshingano zo gukorana n’inzego z’umutekano, abakangurira guha polisi amakuru ku byaha byakozwe cyangwa ibigiye gukorwa mu rwego rwo kubikumira.

    Ingingo y’136 y’igitabo cy’amategeko ahana y’u Rwanda ivuga ko umuntu wese ukoze icyaha cy’ivangura n’icyo gukurura amacakubiri ahanishwa igifungo kirenze imyaka itanu (5) kugeza ku myaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi ijana (100.000) kugeza kuri miliyoni imwe (1.000.000).

    Ingingo ya 406 yacyo ivuga ko umuntu wese ku bushake, usenya cyangwa wonona, ku buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, burundu cyangwa igice kimwe, inzu itari iye ahanishwa igifungo kuva ku myaka ibiri (2) kugeza ku myaka itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga yikubye inshuro kuva kuri ebyiri (2) kugeza ku nshuro icumi (10) z’agaciro k’ibyangijwe.

    Iyo gusenya cyangwa konona ku bushake byateje urupfu rw’umuntu cyangwa rw’abantu benshi, igihano kiba igifungo cya burundu. End

    Inkuru ya Umuryango.com

  • Will Genocide convicts ever pay back all looted property?

    1426800669children-lighting-candles-at-amahoro-Stadium-during-the-Kwibuka-commemoration
    Children light candles at Amahoro Stadium during Kwibuka20 commemoration event last year. (Photo:New Times)

    As far as Aloys Rwamasirabo can recall, it’s been about eight years since a Gacaca court in his Western Province’s Nyange Sector in Karongi District ordered several Genocide convicts to pay him about Rwf3.5 million for destroying his house and looting his cows and furniture during the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi.

    However, up to now, the convicts still owe him about Rwf2 million, and his hope of getting the money has been fading.

    “Some of them (the convicts) deliberately refused to pay me while others are too poor to pay. It’s not clear how I will get paid unless local officials intervene to force those who are able to pay to do so,” Rwamasirabo told The New Times yesterday.

    For those who are too poor to pay, he says, government should employ them on projects that are beneficial to the public and use their earnings to pay Genocide survivors.

    Rwamasirabo’s case is one of the 10,762 countrywide where Genocide convicts are yet to pay for the property they looted or destroyed during the Genocide two decades ago.

    Officials at the Ministry of Justice estimate the value of property owed to survivors at about Rwf3 billion.

    From calls of observers and experts, to reports of lawmakers, and complaints from survivors’ groups, the government is under pressure to execute decisions of Gacaca courts, which compel thousands of convicts to pay back survivors’ property.

    Special taskforce

    According to Naphtal Ahishakiye, executive secretary of Ibuka, the umbrella group of Genocide survivors’ organisations, the government should create a special taskforce in charge of executing Gacaca decisions with regards to paying back property that was looted from Genocide survivors.

    Ahishakiye said the taskforce would include officials from institutions such as the Office of the Ombudsman, the National Commission for the Fight against Genocide, and Rwanda National Police.

    “These can work with district officials to solve the problem. We need the payments to be settled so we can move on to other things. Right now we don’t know if people haven’t paid because they are unable to do so or whether they simply don’t want to pay,” he said.

    At the 20th commemoration of the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi last year, district officials had vowed to have solved this problem by the time the country marks the following commemoration.

    However, more than 10,000 cases remain unsettled about two weeks before Rwandans mark the 21st anniversary of the Genocide.

    “Information we have is that these issues were not addressed,” Ahishakiye said.

    Senator Jean Damascène Bizimana, the chairperson of the senatorial Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Cooperation and Security, said the issue of unsettled payments to Genocide survivors by convicts needs to be addressed, which he said would be a major catalyst for reconciliation between the survivors and perpetrators.

    “It’s an issue that needs serious attention,” he told fellow senators on Tuesday after a senatorial report on the justice sector was presented before the Senate.

    That issue could be growing bigger, but officials in the Ministry of Justice say they have been planning how to address it.

    Of the remaining 10,762 unsettled claims, nearly a half of them (5,298) involve convicts who don’t have a penny to their name to pay back for property they confiscated or destroyed during the Genocide, officials say.

    The head of Access to Justice Department at the Ministry of Justice, Odette Yankulije, said it is now top priority for the officials at the ministry to do everything in their power to ensure that Genocide convicts pay back to the survivors.

    Using bailiffs

    Yankulije suggested a two-pronged approach that would make that happen: increasing the number of professional court bailiffs from the current 129 to 223 before May as well as enacting a new presidential order determining modalities for execution of community service as alternative penalty to imprisonment.

    She said increasing the number of bailiffs will help every Genocide survivor to use services of the bailiff in compelling Genocide convicts to pay back by attaching and auctioning whatever valuable property they may own while the new presidential order would determine how indigent convicts can work in community service projects and their earnings paid to the survivors.

    “For those who are able to pay, it won’t take long before they comply, but those who are unable to pay will take time because they will have to work until they get the money,” she said.

    The official said a list of all the country’s bailiffs and their contacts will be provided at local government entities down to the village level and local officials will be tasked to sensitise Genocide survivors to use their services to get back what courts awarded them.

    “We need to give this issue high priority. By December, we should have done something tangible,” she said.

    Source : The New Times Rwanda

  • A Genocide Widow Killed as she Seeks Compensation

    Murder

    According to the Rwandan daily newspaper IzubaRirashe.[1]MukamuraraSpeciose, a 52-year-old genocide survivor, was found dead on February 3, 2014, in her house located in the Rulindo district in the northern province of Rwanda.

    Jurithe Mujijima is the Executive Secretary of the sector of Cyinzuzi where she lived. He said Mukamunana was allegedly killed by her neighbors who were involved in the looting and killings of her family during the1994 genocide against the Tutsis. Many people think Mukamurara’s death is linked to her efforts to seek compensation against her neighbors who looted her family’s assets during the genocide, explained Mujijima. The majority of genocide survivors are yet to be compensated for both their moral and material loss.

    Many prefer to trade off their right to reparation for security. Mukandandego Maria, a genocide survivor in the Huye district said that she chose to avoid seeking compensation for both her moral and material harm because she feared retaliation from her Hutu neighbors who massacred her entire family.

    Mukamurara who survived the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi along with one son, was living alone in the remote area of Rulindo.

    Following the eyewitnesses accounts, Mukamurara was strangled. Her body had signs of blood flowing down from her nose. The murder of survivors in Rulindo district is not unusual. Another survivor, LeonaldNtagorama was murdered on December 6, 2013. Many more cases remain unreported allegedly to cover up the so-called progress made by the Government of Rwanda in terms of unity and reconciliation between survivors and perpetrators.[2]

    Security for genocide survivors has been a major concern in post-genocide Rwanda.  Many survivors living in Rwanda have no other choice other than to cohabitating door to door with those who wanted to exterminate them in 1994. Aged widows have recently been the primary targets of killers. In 2013 alone, IBUKA’s district representatives reported thirteen cases of survivors who were killed because they testified before the Gacaca courts or simply because they were trying to claim compensation for their loss during the genocide.

    Despite the magnitude of the security issue for survivors, the Government of Rwanda has no concrete preventive and deterrence measures to curb this new disguised form of genocide. End.

    By Albert Gasake

    [1]http://www.izuba-rirashe.com/m-10656–bafunzwe-bakekwaho-kwica-umuturanyi-bakanamusahura-.html),

    [2]https://justice-survivors.com/2013/12/07/uwacitse-ku-icumu-uhagarariye-ibuka-mu-kagari-yishwe-atewe-ibyuma/

  • Rwanda: Genocide Survivors in extreme poverty

    The survivors of the 1994 genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda continue to experience extreme poverty and poor health conditions 20 years on. Yesterday, The Rwanda’s leading online newspaper known ”Igihe.com”   published chocking images of a survivor’s family who live in terrible conditions in the capital Kigali.

    Mr. Karegeya Alphonse, 74, and His daughter Mukagatare. Karegeya lost a wife, properties and several family relatives during the genocide.

    Karegeya and his daughter have this disease for years

    This is the house they live in: no doors, no windows and broken roof.

    See the original article in Igihe.com Abacitse ku icumu mu bukene bukabije n’uburwayi

    Posted by Al. G

  • Urubanza rw’uwacitse ku icumu wishwe ajombaguwe ibiti mu gitsina rurakomeje

    Mukaroza Laurence wari ufite imyaka 47 y’amavuko washakiye mu Murenge wa Kigina, Akarere ka Kirehe akaba yararokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatusi yishwe urw’agashinyaguro mu gicuku cyo kuwa 15 Ukwakira 2008, ashiramo umwuka nyuma y’iminsi ibiri.

    - Nyina na murumuna we bishwe n’abo mu muryango yashatsemo, ndetse ngo umugabo we Kanyangoga ni we wabasohoye mu nzu aho muri Mata 1994. Icyo gihe Mukaroza na we yagiriwe nabi arokorwa n’umwe mu bakecuru wabibukije ko ari umukazana wabo.

    - Mukaroza yari umutangabuhamya mu Nkiko Gacaca mu rubanza rw’abishe nyina na murumuna we, atotezwa kenshi n’abo mu muryango yashatsemo, ndetse n’umugabo we yamutegetse kudashinja bene wabo, bitaba ibyo agapfa

    - Mukaroza yahatiwe kenshi guta urugo rwe agahunga abamutoteza, ariko ntiyagenda kuko yangaga gusiga abana be ngo bajye bumva amateka ko ynze gupfa akabahunga.

    - Mukaroza yaje gusangwa ku gasi, yambaye ubusa iruhande rw’ahataburuwe imibiri ya nyina n’uwa murumuna we, basanze ahirita, ariko bivugwa ko yahajugunywe nyuma yo kugirirwa nabi.

    - Kuwa 30 Werurwe 2010, Urukiko Rukuru Urugereko rwa Rwamagana, rwanzuye ko umusore witwa Bikorimana Simon ari we wishe Mukaroza. Abandi bakekwagaho uruhare bahanaguweho icyaha, Ubushinjacyaha bujuririra Urukiko rw’Ikirenga.

    Urukiko rw’Ikirenga rwaburanishije mu bujurire, kuri uyu wa Mbere, urubanza ruregwamo Bikorimana Simon, Hakizimana Sylvatus, Ngumije Elysee (muramu wa nyakwigendera) na Kanyangoga Edouard, umugabo wa Mukaroza.

    Ubwo urubanza rwatangiraga kuburanishwa mu mizi, Bikorimana wunganirwa na Me Musafiri Jerome, yamenyeshejwe ibyaha bibiri ashinjwa, ari byo gusambanya ku gahato n’ubwicanyi. Hakizimana, Ngumije na Kanyangoga bo bashinjwa gucura umugambi wo kwica Mukaroza, n’ubufatanyacyaha mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryawo.

    Icyicaro cy’Urukiko rw’Ikirenga

    Uru rubanza rwaburanishwaga mu bujurire, nyuma y’aho Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwa Rwamagana rwari rwahamije icyaha Bikorimana rukamuhanisha igifungo cy’imyaka 20, abandi bose rukabahanaguraho ibyaha.

    Ubushinjacyaha bwahise bujuririra icyo cyemezo, ariko na Bikorimana ahita akijuririra. Bikorimana yatangiye avuga ko Kanyangoga na Ngumije bamuhamagaye ngo bajyane ariko ko atari azi ko bagiye kugirira nabi nyakwigendera.

    Ubushinjacyaha bwavuze ko bwajuriye bitewe n’uko Urukiko Rukuru rwavuze ko Bikorimana yemeye icyaha rukamugabanyiriza igihano, kandi ingingo ikuraho igihano cy’urupfu yaragisimbuje icya burundu y’umwihariko ku cyaha cy’ubugome nk’icyakorewe Mukaroza.

    Impamvu ya kabiri y’Ubujurire bw’ubushinjacyaha ni ukuba Bikorimana yaremeye ibyaha mu mabazwa ye ya mbere, yagera mu rukiko agahindura imvugo, akavuga ko yari yarabyemeye kubera kuzahazwa n’inkoni yakubiswe n’Abapolisi.

    Uwari uhagarariye ubushinjacyaha yasabye ko urukiko rwakwemera hakumvwa umutangabuhamya witwa IP Niyomugabo Emmanuel, Umupolisi wageze aho icyaha cyabereye, akaba atari yarumviswe mu Rukiko Rukuru, ibi akaba abyemererwa n’ingingo ya 62 y’itegeko ry’Ibimenyetso (Law of Evidence).

    Ubwo yasabwaga gusobanura impamvu y’ubujurire bwe, Bikorimana yasubije ko yarenganyijwe, gusa byari bigoye gufata nk’ukuri ibyo yavugaga, kuko yari afite ubwoba bwinshi bwatumaga icyo avuze ahita akivuguruza ako kanya.

    Nyuma yo kuyoborwa n’Inteko Iburanisha, yasubije ibibazo yabajijwe, aho yagaragaje ko Mukaroza yishwe na Berinyuma Pierre wabanje kumusambanya, nyuma Bikorimana amuhereza igiti cy’umwumbati akimujombagura mu gitsina, bamusiga aho ari intere.

    Nubwo adasobanura neza uwabatumye ngo umuryango wa Mukaroza uve mu gihirahiro, Bikorimana yavuze ko ibyo Berinyuma yakoze atari yabyibwirije.

    Me Musafiri umwunganira, yahise asaba urukiko ko hashingirwa ku myanzuro yashyikirije urukiko igahuzwa n’ibyavuzwe n’abatangabuhamya, kuko ibyo Umukiliya we avugiye mu rukiko birimo guhuzagurika no kuvuguruzanya.

    Isano hagati y’Urupfu rwa Mukaroza n’ubuhamya yatanze kuri muramu we muri Gacaca

    Ubushinjacyaha bwagaragaje ko Mukaroza yaba yarishwe nyuma y’igihe kitari gito atotezwa n’abo mu muryango yashatsemo ndetse n’umugabo we bwite, bamubuzaga gutanga amakuru ku rupfu rwa nyina na murumuna we.

    Ibi binashimangirwa n’umwe mu bo mu muryango we wabwiye IGIHE ko muramu we witwa Bugingo washinjwe uruhare mu rupfu rwa nyina na murumuna we yigeze gufungurwa, aza kubwira Mukaroza ko agiye kuzamwica nk’uko yishe nyina.

    Umuryango we wasigaye mu gahinda gakomeye

    Ibi ngo yahise abibwira Polisi biza kuviramo Bugingo gusubizwa muri gereza.

    Mbere yo gushiramo umwuka, Mukaroza hari amazina yasize avuze

    Ubushinjacyaha bwagaragaje ko mbere yo gupfa, Mukaroza yavugaga ko azize umugabo we Kanyangoga na muramu we Ngumije, ariko biza gushidikanywaho ndetse bigibwaho impaka ubwo umutangabuhamya IP Niyomugabo yavugaga ko ahagera yasanze nyakwigendera avuga amazina y’abantu batatu, aho yavugaga ngo “Nzize Berinyuma, Ngumije na Kanyangoga.”

    Nyuma yo kumva umutangabuhamya, no kwibutsa Bikorimana ko mu mabazwa ye mu Bugenzacyaha no mu Bushinjacyaha yari yavuze ko Mukaroza yambuwe imyenda na Berinyuma afatanyije na Hakizimana Sylvatus, hahise hahabwa umwanya buri wese uregwa kugira icyo avuga, bose bahakana ibyo baregwa.

    Abunganira abaregwa bashimangiraga ko nta bimenyetso bifatika ubushinjacyaha bugaragaza uretse amagambo yavuzwe na nyakwigendera mbere y’uko apfa, ariko basaba urukiko kudaha agaciro ayo magambo, ngo kuko uwayavugaga yari yamaze guta ubwenge.

    Abana yarwaniriye n’umuryango we mu muhango wo kumushyingura

    Ubushinjacyaha bwahise busaba kutitiranya inyandiko za muganga, aho yasobanuye ko “Traumatisme” (ihungabana) ivugwa muri raporo ya muganga ari uburyo ibikomere yari afite byari bimeze, ikaba yari “Traumatisme physique” (ibikomere by’umubiri byari mu gitsina) byaganishaga kuri “Traumatisme Psychique”(ihungabana ryo mu mutwe).

    Nyuma yo kumva impande zose zivugwa muri uru rubanza, urukiko rwasoje iburanisha rwanzura ko ku wa 23 Mutarama 2015 saa yine za mu gitondo (10:00 am) hazasomwa imyanzuro ya rwo mu Bujurire.

    Icyo gihe ni ho Umuryango wa Mukaroza Laurence avukamo n’abana be, bategereje kuzamenya ukuri ku rupfu rw’uwo mubyeyi, ahanini bakaba bashaka kumenya abafashije Bikorimana na Berinyuma, kuko ari bo bagaragaza uruhare rudashidikanywaho mu rupfu rwe, ariko akaba nta kindi cyabahuzaga kuko bari abapagasi umwe akomoka mu Burundi.

    Yishwe nyuma y’aho yaburiwe kuva mu muryango akanga gusiga abana
    Inkuru ya Igihe.com

  • Agnes Ntamabyariro wakatiwe gufungwa burundu arashaka ko arekurwa nka Justin Mugenzi

    ntamabayariro-ac0f2

    Photo: Agnes Ntamabyariro/internet

    Agnes Ntamabyariro wari Minisitiri w’Ubutabera wakatiwe gufungwa burundu n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge ku byaha bya Jenoside, mu bujurire bwe yasabye Urukiko Rukuru ko yagirwa umwere hashingiwe ku rubanza rwa Justin Mugenzi wagizwe umwere i Arusha.

    Justin Mugenzi na Ntamabyariro babaga muri PL, ishyaka riharanira ukwishyira ukwizana mu gice cyafatwaga nk’icy’abahezanguni, ariko we mu rubanza ICTR-99-50-T yaregwagamo rwaciriwe i Arusha muri Tanzania kuwa 30 Nzeri 2011 yagizwe umwere.

    Mu iburanisha ryabaye kuri uyu wa 27 Ukwakira, Ntamabyariro w’imyaka 77 yashimangiye ko mbere gato ya Jenoside mu Rwanda nta bibazo by’amoko byari bihari.

    Ibi yabishingiye ku kuba ngo muri uru rubanza rwa Mugenzi, urukiko rwarasanze amacakubiri avugwa atari ashingiye ku moko ahubwo ko ngo yari ashingiye ku mpamvu za politiki n’ukurwanira imyanya mu butegetsi.

    Ashingiye ku myanzuro yatanzwe n’uru rukiko nk’ubutabera mpuzamahanga, Me Gashabana yagaragaje ko ibyo umukiriya we aregwa ari nabyo uyu Mugenzi yaregwaga, avuga ko abatangabuhamya bari bamwe, bityo ko ibi byazashingirwaho mu gufata umwanzuro kuri iki kirego cy’ubujurire.

    Ubushinjacyaha ariko kuri iyi ngingo bwagaragarije urukiko ko abatangabuhamya batanzwe mu rubanza rwa Mugenzi i Arusha bari barinzwe bityo ko Me Gatera ataba abazi, bamusaba ko niba abazi yavuga abo ari bo.

    Kuri iki, Me Gatera yasubije ko mu myanzuro aba batangabuhamya batanzwe, ariko asaba urukiko ko rwakwita cyane ku gusuzuma iby’amacakubiri yavugwaga muri PL Power kuko ngo bamwe mu batangabuhamya we n’uwo aburanira batabizeye.

    Kuri uyu wa Mbere, Ntamabyariro yasabye urukiko ko rwafata umwanzuro rushingiye ku gitabo cy’amategeko mashya ahana y’u Rwanda cyo kuwa 2 Gicurasi 2012, cyerekana ko bimwe mu byaha yahamijwe bitari ibyaha kamere bya jenoside nk’uko byagenwaga n’amategeko yo mu 1996, n’aya Gacaca yo mu 2004 na 2008.

    Aha Me Gatera yibukije urukiko ko mu gihe icyo itegeko riteganya mu gihe cy’impurirane y’amategeko abiri ahana; avuga ko igihe hari amategeko abiri ahana, rimwe ryariho mu gihe icyaha cyakorwaga, irindi ryaratangajwe kuva icyaha gikozwe, ariko urubanza rutaracibwa burundu, itegeko rishya ni ryo ryonyine rigomba gukurikizwa iyo riteganya igihano cyoroheje.

    Bityo asaba ko Urukiko Rukuru bajuririye rwazahindura icyemezo cyafashwe n’urukiko rwisumbuye.

    Mu byaha 8 Ntamabyariro yahamijwe, uyu munsi yavuze ko hari bimwe urukiko rwafatiye umwanzuro nyamara rutarabiregewe, ngo abyiregureho anabiburaneho harimo nk’icyaha cyo kurema umutwe w’abagizi ba nabi.

    Mu mpaka ndende zagiwe, Ntamabyariro yabwiye urukiko ko mu cyemezo cyafashwe n’umucamanza wa mbere hari ibyaha yari yaragizweho umwere ariko Ubushinjacyaha bukabijuririra, avuga ko Urukiko Rukuru rwakongera rukemeza ukugirwa umwere kwe kuri ibyo byaha.

    Agnes Ntamabyariro wari Minisitiri w’Ubutabera ku ngona y’Abatabazi

    Ntamabyariro yabaye Minisitiri w’Ubutabera ku ngoma y’Abatabazi yavuyeho mu 1994.

    Yafunzwe mu 1997 avuga ko u Rwanda rwamushimutiye muri Zambiya mu gihe Ubushinjacyaha bwo buvuga ko bwamufatiye mu kivunge ari mu zindi mpunzi mu Rwanda atahuka.

    Mu 2009 yakatiwe gihano cyo gufungwa burundu n’Urukiko Rwisumbuye rwa Nyarugenge nyuma yo gufungwa imyaka 12, mu rubanza rwamaze imyaka itatu.

    Ntamabyariro niwe mutegetsi wa mbere wo ku ngoma ya Habyarimana waburanishijwe n’inkiko z’u Rwanda.

    Inkuru ya Igihe.com